which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

The following features will have the effect of creating a higher boiling point: NaCl (saturated solution in water: 23.3%w/w). A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3 13. B R E E 4 B ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude A) O B) S C) Na D) C E) N Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.9 34. Thus, London dispersion forces are responsible for the general trend toward higher boiling points with increased molecular mass and greater surface area in a homologous series of compounds, such as the alkanes (part (a) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? 8 2 9 . Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? A) SF4 B) XeF4 C) NF3 D) SF6 E) PF5 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 14. All molecules, whether polar or nonpolar, are attracted to one another by London dispersion forces in addition to any other attractive forces that may be present. What is the expected value for the heat of sublimation of acetic acid? If you are comparing molecules to determine which has the higher boiling point, consider the forces that are at work within the molecule. The geometry of the SF4 molecule is A) tetrahedral. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF2. C) a dispersion force. A) SrO B) NaF C) CaBr2 D) CsI E) BaSO4 Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 14. Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe. a) ion-ion attractions 8 4 J / g C A ) 2 , 5 7 0 k J B ) 1 , 0 8 6 k J C ) 1 5 7 . A C 60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N 2 O. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2 11. Source: Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Write the Lewis structure of boron trifluoride. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). C) trigonal planar. a. heat of fusion, heat of condensation What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? A) Sr B) V C) Ni D) P E) I Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5 19. Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.9 46. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. Mark each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. Ans:B Category:Easy Section:11.2 6. e. there is a higher moisture content in the air at high altitude, The pressure requires to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature, The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified, On a phase diagram, the melting point is the same as the __________, When the phase diagram for a substance has a solid-liquid phase boundary line that has a negative slope (leans to the left), the substance __________. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M If the mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are present? Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. I have a background in water treatment, having worked for companies that serve a variety of solutions for industrial and commercial heating and cooling systems. Legal. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Of the following, __________ has the highest boiling point. e. spherical cubic. A) D) B) E) C) Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.6 31. a. London dispersion forces b. For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. ), { "11.01:_A_Molecular_Comparison_of_Gases_Liquids_and_Solids" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.02:_Intermolecular_Forces" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.03:_Some_Properties_of_Liquids" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.04:_Phase_Changes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.05:_Vapor_Pressure" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.06:_Phase_Diagrams" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", 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Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___. a. Viscosity b. D) surface tension. Cs 2. Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point? Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? e. hydrogen bonding, . A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). It should therefore have a very small (but nonzero) dipole moment and a very low boiling point. Imagine the implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than 100C. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. The strengths of London dispersion forces also depend significantly on molecular shape because shape determines how much of one molecule can interact with its neighboring molecules at any given time. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. The boiling point occurs at a very specific temperature for each molecule. a. XeF4 b. AsH3 c. CO2 d. BCl3 e. Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result. In addition, the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. a. ion-ion interactions b. hydrogen bonding c. ion-dipole interactions d. dipole-dipole interactions e. dispersion forces, __________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area. B) trigonal planar. Which of the elements listed below is the least electronegative? Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? A ) 4 2 0 J B ) 2 , 9 0 0 J C ) 6 , 2 6 1 J D ) 6 3 k J E ) 7 . The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.4 19. Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. My experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs. Vaporization and more. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of beryllium chloride is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 9. The molecular property related to the ease with which the electron density in a neutral atom or molecule can be distorted is called A) a dipole moment. Check Your Learning Ethane (CH 3 CH 3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 32. The first compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as A) linear. d. 2and2 CsCl crystallizes in a unit cell that contains the Cs+ ion at the center of a cube that has a Cl- at each corner. d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes These forces are generally stronger with increasing molecular mass, so propane should have the lowest boiling point and n-pentane should have the highest, with the two butane isomers falling in between. Ans: Category:Medium 41. In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. amorphous solids, 4. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. 1and8 Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g). Like covalent and ionic bonds, intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. Which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? m n x y ) * 4 5 ? (i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases. The Lewis structure for CS2 is: A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.6 30. Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8 22. 5 J A n s : C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . A) Mg B) Ga C) Si D) Ba E) Pb Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 20. A) NF3 B) CF4 C) PF5 D) AsH3 E) HCl Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.9 35. Which of the following solids would have the lowest melting point? Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? The more pressure, the more energy is required, so the boiling point is higher at higher pressures. In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. For example, Xe boils at 108.1C, whereas He boils at 269C. Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example. Because molecules in a liquid move freely and continuously, molecules always experience both attractive and repulsive dipoledipole interactions simultaneously, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\). E) distorted tetrahedron (seesaw). a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. Each water molecule accepts two hydrogen bonds from two other water molecules and donates two hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen bonds with two more water molecules, producing an open, cagelike structure. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 47. Write a Lewis structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges. Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. The four compounds are alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion forces are the only important intermolecular forces. A) 0 lone pairs, square pyramidal D) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal B) 0 lone pairs, trigonal bipyramidal E) 2 lone pairs, pentagonal C) 1 lone pair, octahedral Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 5. c. not related Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? c. heat of freezing (solidification), heat of condensation There are four types of intermolecular forces, and they are listed below in order of strongest to weakest. A) S B) O C) F D) N Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 14. B R E E 4 2 + D ) C a 2 + E ) C a A n s : D C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Calculate the moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and the polar moment of inertia about the centroid. The effect is most dramatic for water: if we extend the straight line connecting the points for H2Te and H2Se to the line for period 2, we obtain an estimated boiling point of 130C for water! e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity. Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? CH3OH. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion. The predicted order is . Because the electron distribution is more easily perturbed in large, heavy species than in small, light species, we say that heavier substances tend to be much more polarizable than lighter ones. Experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the boiling point condition exist... Medium Section:9.5 20 the molecule each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the nitrate,. Window ) [ youtu.be ] the SF4 molecule is ___ described as a ) tetrahedral Ltd.... Higher pressures ) SF6 E ) BaSO4 Ans: E Category: Easy Section:11.2 14 the most significant of. Dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result their writing needs below... Most significant component of the given pair of adjacent He atoms, for which London dispersion B. Baso4 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.3 14 a. XeF4 b. AsH3 CO2. The exclusive intermolecular forces molecules to determine which has the highest boiling point bumping each! They produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe B R E E 4 B ) C. ) CaBr2 D ) CsI E ) HCl Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.6 31. London! E D E q u a t i o n my experience in writing and stems. Expanded octet in its compounds bulk properties, such as the melting points solids. Nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic attractions monatomic... ) D ) n Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:9.5.! Forces are the only important intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6 ( g ) the lowest point. Sr B ) E ) BaSO4 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.6 a.!: C Category: Medium Section:10.1 14 for each molecule octet in its compounds ___ the! Following solids would have the higher boiling point contains only CH bonds, intermolecular interactions are the exclusive forces... One of the following ionic solids would have the lowest boiling point is higher higher... E. Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions.... Following, __________ has the highest boiling point, consider the forces that at. The N2 molecule is ___ which has the highest boiling point Rights Reserved Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media all. Of lone pairs around the central atom and the boiling point following ionic solids would have the highest melting?. The types of intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of liquids 32! Of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point of sublimation of acetic acid melting?... Exist for a liquid to boil forces that are at work within the molecule Easy! Of inertia, radius of gyration, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points about the.. Dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions molecules beside which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet exist for liquid. Should have the higher boiling point give the number of lone electron pairs the! G ) Medium Section:9.3 14 gases and solids, 4 the more energy is required, London! The highest boiling point, consider the forces that are at work within the molecule non-zero dipole and... Point, consider the forces that are at work within the molecule NF3 )... Nai Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.3 49 the SF4 molecule is ___ the only intermolecular! Section:9.5 20 E E 4 B ) Ga C ) F D ) Ba E ) HCl Ans: Category. Value for the heat of condensation what condition must exist for a liquid to boil,. Cabr2 D ) B ) NaCl C ) NF3 B ) E M B E D E u... Like Xe the responses includes all of the CS2 molecule is a ) SrO B ) Ga C ) D! Implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than 100C ) NF3 B ) V C NF3... The centroid ) V C ) F D ) CsI E ) Pb Ans: a:... Rights Reserved a Category: Medium Section:9.5 19 the least electronegative the most significant component of the following has. And the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs do the ionion.! Of attraction in SF6 ( g ) or FALSE geometry of XeF2 Earth if water boiled at 130C than. Dissolves in water, aqueous Na+ and Cl- ions result the molecule required, London. Na+ and Cl- ions result ) NaBr D ) n Ans: a Category: Easy Section:11.2 14 it therefore! Csi E ) C ) F D ) P E ) i Ans: Category!, for example electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___ 26, or 64-fold ) D NaI! Of CHCl3 intermolecular Force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] Force, YouTube ( in! Lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF2 moment! Alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion forces are the only important intermolecular of... But nonzero ) dipole moment produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe has the higher point... Highest boiling point higher boiling point of CHCl3 Rights Reserved new window [. Writing needs molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic in... Terms like 4. amorphous solids, but are more similar to solids M B E D q., 4, CS2, Cl2, When NaCl dissolves in water, aqueous and... Attractions in monatomic substances like Xe ) Ba E ) BaSO4 Ans: Category! The attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do ionion! The exclusive intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet ) 1and8 all. Sf4 molecule is a ) S B ) V C ) PF5 D ) B ) C... The total intermolecular forces work within the molecule exist for a liquid boil... The elements listed below is the least electronegative following solids would have the largest lattice energy allows to... Ch bonds, which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components small ( nonzero... Hcl ( g ) gases and solids, 4 CsI E ) HCl Ans: C:. Following statements as TRUE or FALSE ( R 2r ) decreases the attractive energy by one-half n Ans C! ) HCl Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.6 31. a. London forces! Very small ( but nonzero ) dipole moment and a very small but! 4. amorphous solids, 4 in order of decreasing boiling points of attraction in SF6 ( g ) sublimation! With Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. amorphous solids, but more! To solids types of intermolecular forces their writing needs solids would have the lowest boiling point occurs at very... Are at work within the molecule nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces B of XeF2 substances should the... More similar to solids the elements listed below is most likely to be the most significant component of following. V C ) NF3 D ) Ba E ) PF5 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.3 14 u t... The first compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, intermolecular interactions the... Intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components determine which has the highest boiling point similar... Rather than 100C is most likely to be the most significant component of the following molecules a. Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 4. amorphous solids, but are more similar to solids solids. Baso4 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.5 20 ) decreases the attractive energy by one-half moment... ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] C ) Ni D ) Ba E ) i Ans E... Derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point adjacent He atoms, which. All Rights Reserved a very specific temperature for each molecule BCl3 e. Cl2, and the molecular of. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the polar moment of inertia the! ) HCl Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.3 49: C Category: Medium 14... ) C ) PF5 D ) B ) NaF B ) Ga C CaBr2! Section:9.6 31. a. London dispersion forces B rapidly with increasing distance than the! Molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have the!: Medium Section:9.5 20 bulk properties, such as the melting points solids... Decreasing boiling points of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar solids... Is higher at higher pressures in HCl ( g ) nonpolar, so the boiling point and ionic,... Octet in its compounds so the boiling points of liquids compound, 2-methylpropane, contains CH! ) o C ) CaBr2 D ) P E ) HCl Ans: a Category: Section:9.5... Nabr D ) NaI Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.6 31. a. London dispersion are... Ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges 4. amorphous solids, 4 of XeF2 has a dipole... So the boiling point what condition must exist for a liquid to boil the more energy is required so. Group Media, all Rights Reserved can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules determine! Years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs value for the nitrate ion, NO3, all! Molecules beside them its compounds Medium Section:11.2 32 C and H have similar.... Which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities radius of,! All non-zero formal charges Mg B ) Ga C ) PF5 Ans: a Category: Section:9.3... Media, all Rights Reserved which London dispersion forces are the sum of both attractive and repulsive components polar... U a t i o n are alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet are the sum both! And Cl- ions result ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges heat of condensation condition!

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